SMOA09011U Theoretical Pathophysiology

Detailed course goals:

Inflammation:
To describe the general stimuli, vascular responses and cellular and humoral mediators of acute and chronic inflammation, and the tissue responses to inflammation

To review leukocyte recognition receptors and cellular response pathways and outcomes

Autoimmunity and immunodeficiency:
To describe genetic and environmental causes of breakdown of immune tolerance leading to autoimmunity

To describe the HIV structure, genome and life cycle, as well as the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of HIV induced immunodeficiency

Neoplasia and metastasis
To know tumor nomenclature and list the characteristics of benign and malignant neoplasms

To summarize causes of malignant transformation and the role of cancer stem cells

To describe the mechanisms and routes of metastasis


Atherosclerosis and hypertension

To describe the vascular response to injury

To describe the causes and mechanisms of hypertension and the vascular and hemodynamic consequences and complications of hypertension

To describe the epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and the vascular consequences of atherosclerosis

To describe regulatory and adaptive local and systemic dysfunctions that lead to heart failure, with a focus on the role of pressure and volume overload

Heart failure and ischemic heart disease

To describe the epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease

To review the symptomatology and consequences of coronary artery disease

To describe the myocardial and hemodynamic consequences as well as patient outcomes of acute myocardial infarction

Anemias

To describe the pathophysiology of anemias caused by bleeding, haemolysis and deficient erythropoiesis, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms where relevant

Acute respiratory distress syndrome, asthma and emphysema

To summarise congenital defects, and explain causes and mechanisms of atelectasis, pulmonary oedema and acute respiratory distress syndrome

To describe the etiology, genetics, cellular and molecular pathogenesis of chronic obstructive lung diseases (asthma, emphysema and chronic bronchitis)

Gastric ulcers and intestinal neoplasms

To describe the etiology, pathogenesis and complications of acute and chronic gastritis and ulcers

To group intestinal polyps and their main causes as well as explain genetic and molecular causes of colonic adenocarcinomas

Cirrhosis and alcoholic liver disease

To describe causes and clinical features of hepatic failure

To describe the etiology and molecular pathogenesis and clinical features of hepatic cirrhosis, with a focus on alcoholic and metabolic liver diseases



Kidney diseases

To describe the structural, molecular, cellular and clinical characteristics of glomerular and tubular kidney diseases

Type I and type 2 diabetes

To describe the etiology, pathogenesis and clinical features of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and of the acute and late diabetic complications

Osteoporosis and arthritis

To describe the causes and cellular and molecular pathogenetic pathways in osteoporosis

To describe the etiologies, morphology, pathogenetic pathways and clinical courses of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis

Prion and Alzheimer’s disease

To describe the genetic and molecular basis for the different types of prion diseases

To describe the etiology, genetics and molecular and cellular pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, and the morphological and clinical features of the disease.