JJUA55143U International Law and Security

1. The nature of warfare in the 21st century

Required readings:

1) Mary Kaldor, “Beyond Militarism, Arms Races and Arms Control”, Social Science Research Council.

2) […]

2. The use of force in the 21st century (jus ad bellum) – introduction, the legal framework, the UN Charter.

Readings: 1) Mary Ellen O’Connell, International Law and the Use of Force: Cases and Materials, Foundation Press, 2005, pp. 83-104.

2) James Crawford, Brownlie’s Principles of Public International Law (8th ed.), 2012, pp. 744-774.

3. The use of force (jus ad bellum) in practice. The American drone program, the use of force against the Islamic State, the right to humanitarian intervention.

Readings: 1) Anders Henriksen, ‘Jus ad Bellum and American targeted use of force to fight terrorism around the world’, Journal of Conflict and Security Law, vol. 19, no. 2 (20014), pp. 211-250.

2) Anders Henriksen & Marc Schack, ‘The Crisis in Syria and Humanitarian Intervention’, Journal on the Use of Force and International Law, vol. 1, no. 1 (2014), pp. 122-147 [?].

4. Technology and legitimacy in drone warfare

Readings: 1) Jack Beard, “Law and War in the Virtual Era”.

2) Paul Kahn, “The Paradox of Riskless Warfare”

5. Terrorism, legal definition and theoretical problem

Readings: 1) Ben Saul, Attempts to define terrorism in international law, NILR, p. 1 – 28.

2) Philip Bobbitt, Terror and Consent. The Wars for the Twenty-First Century, pp. 23-84.

6. Global War on Terror 2.0

Readings: 1) Audrey Kurth Cortin, “What is Really Changing. Change and Continuity in Global Terrorism”. Additional readings to be announced

7. How are we fighting the war on terror – Europe/US?

Readings: 1) Amnon Lev, “War on Terror and International Law: Towards a Continental Divide”,

2) Boumediene et al. vs. Bush,

3) Kadi and Al Barakaat International Foundation vs. Council and Commission

8. IHL in the 21st century (jus in bello) – introduction, conflicts status, individual status

Readings: 1) Gary D. Solis, The Law of Armed Conflict: International Humanitarian Law in War, Cambridge University Press (2010), pp. 149-185.

2) Gary D. Solis, The Law of Armed Conflict: International Humanitarian Law in War, Cambridge University Press (2010), pp. 186-239.

9. IHL in practice. Armed conflict with IS? A global battlefield? Combatants?

Readings: 1) ICRC, Interpretive guidance on the notion of direct participation in hostilities under international humanitarian law, 2009 pp. 69-82.

2) High Court of Israel, The Public Committee against Torture in Israel et al. v. the Government of Israel et al.

3) Robert M. Chesney, “Postwar,” Harvard National Security Journal (2014). [?]

10. Human rights in wartime. Applicability of human rights abroad (extra-territorial application of human rights). The interaction between human rights and IHL. Lex specialis?

Readings: 1) Françoise J. Hampson, ‘Is human rights law of any relevance to military operations in Afghanistan?

2) ECtHR: The Al-Skeini case, 2011 and the Hassan case 2014.

11. [Automation I]

Readings: 1) […]

12. [Automation II]

Readings: 1) […]

13. International law and politics in cyberspace

Readings: 1) Matthew Waxman, “Cyber-Attacks and the Use of Force: Back to the Future of Article 2  (4), Yale Journal of International Law, Vo. 36 (2011), pp. 421-459.

2) Anders Henriksen, ‘Lawful State Responses to Low Level Cyber Attacks’, Nordic Journal of International Law, vol. 84, no. 2 (2015), pp. 323-351.

3) Anders Henriksen, ‘Politics and the Development of Legal Norms in Cyberspace’, in Conflict in Cyberspace, Routledge, (forthcoming 2016)

14. International law as coercive diplomacy

Readings: 1) Alexander George et al. “The Limits of Coercive Diplomacy” (2. ed. 1994), p. 13-21, Daniel Byman & Matthew Waxman “The dynamics of coercion” (2002), p. 30-47, Martha Crenshaw “Coercive Diplomacy and the Response to Terrorism” (in Art/Cronin “The United States and coercive diplomacy”, 2003), p. 305-314 , Matthew Kroenig & Barry Pavel “How to deter terrorism” (The Washington Quarterly, 35:2), p. ?21-34 ?

15. Lawfare – the strategic use of legal arguments

Readings: 1) Charles J. Dunlap Jr., “Lawfare Today … and Tomorrow”, in Pedrozo, Raul A. “Pete” & Daria P. Wollschlaeger (Eds.), International Law and the Changing Character of War, International Law Studies (the Blue Book), Vol. 87, Naval War College, Newport, 2011, pp. 315-325.

2) Dale Stephens, “The Age of Lawfare”, in Pedrozo, Raul A. “Pete” & Daria P. Wollschlaeger (Eds.), International Law and the Changing Character of War, International Law Studies (the Blue Book), Vol. 87, Naval War College, Newport, 2011, pp. 327-356.